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Levels of Instruction Regardless of the type of skill, the basic levels of instruction are verbal, demonstration, physical prompting and physical assistance. Athletes may require a single method or a combination of these methods to learn a sport skill. It is important to identify the methods that work best for your athletes. For example, one athlete may require only verbal instruction to learn skills; another athlete may require both demonstration and physical assistance.   Verbal Instruction Verbal instruction is the most common form of teaching and should be used first when presenting new skills. Be conscious of presenting the task in one or two-part directions. All language should be clear and consistent throughout the lesson. Using simple key words is essential. For example, a "lay-up" should always be a "lay-up" and not a "toss" or a "shot." Be clear, concise, consistent and command-oriented Demonstration This level of teaching is universal and can be used by the coach to assist with the verbal instruction of a skill. When a skill becomes too difficult for the athlete to verbally comprehend, demonstration should be used. For new skills, linking demonstration with verbal instruction is most effective Physical Prompting Physical prompting is best used when verbal and demonstration methods are not working. Guidance by touch to prompt an athlete into proper position is an example of a physical prompt. Verbal and demonstration instruction is also good to use during physical prompting Physical Assistance Physical assistance is used when all other levels of instruction have been exhausted. This level requires the coach to physically move the athlete into position and to physically assist the athlete to complete the skill. This method should be used with caution, especially if the athlete functions at a lower level and/or does not like to be touched. Levels of Instruction   Below are general guidelines to help you teach sport skills more effectively. Briefly explain the skill. Break the skills into smaller, simpler steps so that the athlete can be successful. Briefly demonstrate the skill. Let the athletes practice the simpler skills. Gradually combine steps so that the entire skill is shaped into the desired performance. Watch athletes carefully during practice so that you can provide positive feedback and reinforcement. Allow athletes to continue practicing once you have given feedback and corrected errors. It is important to make sure that athletes complete the practice feeling successful and good about themselves.   Coaching Tips Develop one component of a skill at a time. Learning is a long-term process. Patience is required.

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